伯奈利M4超级90霰弹枪最初是为美军研制的三军战斗霰弹枪(Joint Service Combat Shotgun,简称JSCS),这种霰弹枪的需求最初是由美国海军陆战队在20世纪90年代初提出的,随后被修订为包括整个美国军队的采购项目。JSCS提出的技术指标中要求采用半自动射击方式、折叠式枪托、与3英寸弹(长约76mm)以内所有类型的弹药相容,获得生产合同的优胜者将会在几年内向美国军方提供约4万支霰弹枪,因此几乎每个能生产战术霰弹枪的枪械制造商都参与了JSCS的竞争,参与竞争的样枪超过14种。
经过美国AARDEC(陆军军械研究、发展与工程中心)的对比试验,伯奈利公司和HK美国公司联合提交的样枪脱颖而出,在1999年4月被美国海军陆战队命名为XM1014,并签定合同预生产20支样枪以进行更严格的试验,当通过全部试验后把名称中的“X”取消,M1014新枪开始代替莫斯伯格M590霰弹枪及其他美国海军陆战队装备的泵动霰弹枪。
XM1014的枪本身由伯奈利公司研制,但与美军采购计划的协商处理由HK美国公司负责,虽然在1995年贝内利公司不再由HK美国公司在美国代理他们的产品,但由于HK美国公司对美国军用轻武器的采购规划方面有丰富的经验,所以伯奈利公司在XM1014投标项目中与HK美国公司合作,有关美军XM1014生产的军事合同由HK公司处理,而面向执法机构和民用市场的伯奈利M4超级90的销售由伯奈利公司自己负责。2000年,HK美国公司与美国AARDEC签订合同,正式为美国海军陆战队提供20000支M1014霰弹枪。
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M4超级90霰弹枪的伸缩式枪托很特别,其贴腮板可以向右倾斜,这样可以方便戴防毒面具进行贴腮瞄准。如果需要,伸缩式枪托可以在没有任何专用工具的辅助下更换成带握把的固定式枪托。标准瞄准具是鬼环式的照门和片状准星,在机匣顶部有导轨,这个导轨还可安装多种附件,如激光指示器、夜视瞄准具等。全枪表面作了哑光处理,而且耐腐蚀。
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M1014长枪管型 | M1014短枪管型 | ||
全长 | 枪托展开 | 1010 mm | 894 mm |
枪托缩起 | 886 mm | 772 mm | |
枪管长 | 470 mm | 355 mm | |
弹膛长 | 3"(76 mm) | 3"(76 mm) | |
空枪重 | 3.8 kg | 3.6 kg | |
容弹量 | 6 rds(3"弹) | 4 rds(3"弹) |
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在面对民用市场时,也推出了固定枪托的M4超级90
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枪管组件,图中可看到两个活塞
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独特的双活塞导气装置
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准星和鬼环式照门
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M1913标准的瞄准镜导轨
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有橡胶包裹的握把
四种状态的多用枪托
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